Genetic Etiology Link to Brain Function Underlying ADHD Symptoms and its Interaction with Sleep Disturbance: An ABCD Study
Aichen Feng1,2 · Dongmei Zhi3 · Zening Fu4 · Shan Yu5 · Na Luo1 · Vince Calhoun4 · Jing Sui31 Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2 School of Artifcial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
4 Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University and Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
5 Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, remains poorly understood regarding how its polygenic risk score (PRS) impacts functional networks and symptomology. This study capitalized on data from 11,430 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to explore the interplay between PRSADHD, brain function, and behavioral problems, along with their interactive effects. The results showed that children with a higher PRSADHD exhibited more severe attention deficits and rule-breaking problems, and experienced sleep disturbances, particularly in initiating and maintaining sleep. We also identified the central executive network, default mode network, and sensory-motor network as the functional networks most associated with PRS and symptoms in ADHD cases, with potential mediating roles. Particularly, the impact of PRSADHD was enhanced in children experiencing heightened sleep disturbances, emphasizing the need for early intervention in sleep issues to potentially mitigate subsequent ADHD symptoms.
Keywords
Attention defcit hyperactivity disorder; Polygenic risk score; Sleep disturbance; Functional connectivity; Magnetic resonance imaging
